tense
TENSES
Hello hello friends, back again with me, naia!!! How are you today? I hope you are always in good health and stay happy wherever you are. Okay friends, this time we want to learn what material anyway? So, this time we will learn material about tenses. Now friends, you know that tenses are really useful if you want to learn English. Actually, there are a total of 16 tenses that must be learned but, this time I will discuss 12 tenses only. Without lingering anymore, let's just check the discussion below. Don't forget to read until the end, friends
1. Definition of tense
Okay friends, for the first one, of course you have to know what tense is first? So, Tenses are changes in verb forms based on time information and the nature of activities or events. Tenses are divided into 4 types namely present, past, future, and past future. The four groups are then further divided into 16 tenses. However, as I explained at the beginning, we will only discuss 12 tenses out of 16. For more details, we will roughly learn all the following tenses
In looking at the context of time, there are three terms used in tenses:
- Past: what was done before the present.
- Present: what is done now, or anything related to the present.
- Future: what is done after the present.
In looking at the context of the situation, there are two terms used in tenses:
- Continuous: an action that has not yet been completed.
- Perfect: an action that has already been completed.
2. Types of tenses and examples
Alright guys, the next one is the types of tenses, as I have explained in the beginning that we will learn 12 tenses out of 16 tenses. Here, I will explain what are the formulas and examples.
a. Simple present tense
Simple present tense talks about current actions, events, or conditions that happen in the present situation.
Formula: Subject + verb (s/es) + object.
Especially for this tense, the verb is in its base form.
An example sentence is as follows:
Positive Sentence Example: "They speak Korean very well."
Negative Sentence Example: "They don't speak Korean."
Question Sentence Example: "Do they speak Korean?"
b. Simple past tense
Simple past tense is used to describe any event, action, moment that happened in the past. This tense is also called preterite.
Formula: Subject + verb 2 + object.
Here, the V verb (second form) is made in the past simple form.
An example sentence is as follows:
Example sentence (Positive): “They called their friends yesterday.”
Example sentence (Negative): “They did not call their friends yesterday.”
Example sentence (Question): “Did they call their friends yesterday?”
c. Simple future tense
Simple future tense is used to predict or foresee something that will happen in the future. This tense is the imagination of our mind that we plan to do something.
Formula: Subject + shall/will + verb + object.
Here, the modal verbs will and shall are used to show the prediction and the verb the beginning.
Example Sentence (Positive): "She will come to the cinema tomorrow."
Example Sentence (Negative): "She will not come to the cinema tomorrow."
Example Sentence (Question): "Will she come to the cinema tomorrow?"
d. Present continuous tense
The present continuous tense is used to tell about actions, events, or conditions that are ongoing and still unfinished.
Formula: Subject + helping verb (is/am/are) + main verb (ing) + object.
For this tense, the verb (ing) is the present participle form of the verb, and the helping verb (is/am/are) is used accordingly.
The example sentences are as follows:
Example Sentence (Positive): "She is working on her homework now."
Example Sentence (Negative): "She is not working on her homework now."
Example Sentence (Question): "Is she working on her homework now?"
Example Sentence (To tell future plans): "Mark is moving to a new school next month."
e. Past continuous tense
The past continuous tense is used to express an ongoing state or a continuous action that has happened in the past. This tense is used to describe any action that happened in the past.
Formula: Subject + helping verb (was/were) + verb (ing) + object.
Here, the helping verb (was/were) is in the past tense where "was" is used for the first person and second person and "were" is used for the third person. The verb V+ing in the present participle form is used to show continuation of the action.
Example Sentence (Positive): "I was washing my clothes when the phone rang."
Example Sentence (Negative): "I was not washing my clothes when the phone rang."
Example Sentence (Question): "Was I washing my clothes when the phone rang?"
f. Future continuous tense
Future continuous tense is used to describe actions that are taking place at a certain moment in the future or happen in the future.
Formula: Subject + shall/will be + verb(ing) + object.
Here, "be" is added with the modal verbs shall/will in a sentence, and the verb V+ing in the present participle form to show continuous action in the future.
Example Sentence (Positive): "He will be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning."
Example Sentence (Negative): "He will not be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning."
Example Sentence (Question): "Will he be playing basketball in the playground tomorrow morning?"
g. Present perfect tense
The present perfect tense is used to express a situation or event that has been completed but is of present consequence. This tense is a combination of the ideal aspects performed in the present tense.
Formula: Subject + helping verb (have/has) + 3rd verb + object.
In this tense, the modal verb "has" is used for second person (he, she, it, and singular subjects), and "have" is used for first person and third person (I, you, they, we, and plural subjects).
Here are the example sentences:
Example Sentence (Positive): "They have seen the movie Spider-Man: No Way Home."
Example Sentence (Negative): "They have not seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home."
Example Sentence (Question): "Have they seen the movie Spider-Man: No way home?"
h. Past perfect tense
The past perfect tense is used to tell a situation that happened before the action was completed in the past. Past perfect tense is also called pluperfect in English and combines the past tense and aspects of the perfect tense.
Formula: Subject + had + verb 3 + object.
Here, the modal verb "had" is used with the main verb, and the 3rd form verb in past participle form is used to show the completion of the task or action.
Example Sentence (Positive): "The girl had cried before her mother came."
Example Sentence (Negative): "The girl had not cried before her mother came."
Example Sentence (Question): "Had the girl cried before her mother came?"
i. Future perfect tense
The future perfect tense is used to describe a future action that has a fixed date scheduled. It is a verb form that expresses an event that is planned to happen at a specific moment in the future.
Formula: Subject + shall/will + have + verb 3 + object.
Here, the auxiliary verb "have" comes together with the modal verb shall/will and connects with the main verb (3rd form) in past participle form to show the completion of the task and action.
Example Sentence (Positive): "I will have finished my homework by tomorrow."
Example Sentence (Negative): "I will not have finished my homework by tomorrow."
Example Sentence (Question): "Will she have finished her homework by tomorrow?"
j. Present perfect continuous tense
The present perfect continuous tense is used to show an action that has been completed at some point in the past and is still continuing today.
Formula: Subject + has/have + been + Verb -ing (Continuous Form)
Here is an example sentence
Example Sentence (Positive): "I have been thinking about it."
Example Sentence (Negative): "I have not been thinking about it."
Example Sentence (Question): "Have I been thinking about it?"
k. Past Perfect Continous Tense
Past perfect continuous tense represents any action or event that starts in the past and sometimes continues until another action or another time. This tense is more or less the same as the past perfect tense, but it highlights the time duration of the action that happened before something in the past.
Formula: Subject + had been + verb (ing) + object (optional) + time of action.
Here, the modal verb "had" is used with had been, and the verb V+ing, present participle in particular is used to show continuity for the duration of time until the action is completed.
Example Sentence (Positive): "She had been studying math all day."
Example Sentence (Negative): "She had not been studying math all day."
Example Sentence (Question): "Had she been studying math all day?"
l. Future perfect continuous tense
The future perfect continuous tense is used to describe certain activities and events that are ongoing or are happening and are done after some time that is expected to be instantaneous.
Formula: Subject + shall/will + have been + verb (ing) + object (optional) + time instant.
Here, the auxiliary verb "have been" is used together with the modal verb shall/will, and the main verb in the present participle form verb+ing.
Example Sentence (Positive): "In December, I will have been working at my company for one year."
Example Sentence (Negative): "I will not have been working at my company for one year in December."
Example Sentence (Question): "In December, will you have been working at your company for one year?"
Well, friends, it seems that this is all we have learned about tenses this time. If you want to learn a total of 16 tenses, you can look at various sources on the internet. Thank you for reading to the end, please apologize if there are mistakes in writing and see you next time and in other learning too!!! Happy learning and keep up the spirit friends!!! Babayy, see you later!
source :
https://www.ef.co.id/englishfirst/kids/blog/tenses-yang-paling-sering-digunakan-dan-contohnya/
https://www.english-academy.id/blog/16-tenses-dalam-bahasa-inggris-dan-contohnya
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